CRIMINAL JUSTICE MANAGEMENT Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

CRIMINAL JUSTICE MANAGEMENT - Term Paper Example Yet, if, in the process of preparing to commit a crime, another crime is executed out by any of the conspirators, the remaining conspirators would be deemed as culpable of the felony as much as the actual perpetrator. The US’s Supreme Court decisions in the cases of Enmund v. Florida (1982) and Tison v. Arizona (1987) are basically seeking to separate innocent accomplices from guilty ones during prosecution and sentencing. In the former case, the Court limited the putting of accomplices in murder cases to death to when the individual in question does not kill, try to kill, or predict that a killing would happen or lethal force would be used. But in Tison v. Arizona (1987), the Court widened the scope of executing murder accomplices, perhaps because most of them are major participants in the crime. In light of these bodies of law, murder accomplices should be executed because they are oftentimes guilty of aiding and or abetting the crime by their actions or omissions (Fears 1). In this case, with the armed Reneau setting out the commit the robbery, Wood cannot claim that he did not foresee the use of lethal force and or murder in the convenient store; therefore, he should be put to death. Criminal culpability and sentencing requires the meeting of actus reus (guilty act) and mens rea (guilty mind) conditions in the successful trial of a suspect. In light of these doctrines, an accomplice in a felony murder may be less guilty than the actual murderer by virtue of the lack of mens rea. This implies that an accomplice may be actively involved in a crime (by act) and not by mind. As such, subjecting such an accomplice to death sentence would be tantamount to miscarriage of justice (Crump 1156). According to Garberg and Libkuman (554), except for cases in which the principal criminal was not actually the principal, in the

TOGAF Framework Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TOGAF Framework - Research Paper Example The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) is a structure that presents a comprehensive technique and a group of supporting systems and tools for building effective enterprise design. Additionally, it can be utilized without any restriction from any corporation desiring to build up enterprise architecture for use inside that association/business/corporate. In addition, this formwork was established by associates of The Open Group, functioning inside the Architecture Forum. However, the first version of TOGAF framework was developed in 1995. In addition, it was foundational upon Technical Architecture Framework for Information Management (TAFIM), built by the United States Department of Defense (DoD). In this scenario, the Department of Defense offered The Open Group open authorization and extensive support to build TOGAF by crafting the TAFIM. Thus, it was the fruit of many years of development attempts as well as a lot of investment comprising million of dollars of US Government. Moreover, by taking the advantage of this powerful base, the members of The Open Group Architecture Forum have built several editions of TOGAF every year and published every one on The Open Group public website (The Open Group, 2011) and (Chase, 2006). 4 TOGAF Heritage 4 As discussed above the Open Group Architecture Forum has built several versions of TOGAF at normal intervals as well as published every one on the web site of The Open Group. Additionally, every form of TOGAF standard is built collaboratively by the members of the design Forum. In addition, at present it consists of approximately 200 corporate members, comprising vendor and customer organizations. In this scenario, the development is carried out by architecture practitioners, with the content foundational upon most excellent practices that developed within the contributing member businesses (Sante & Ermers, 2009) and (The Open Group, 2011). 5 Moreover, TOGAF was one of the primary representations with a powerful fo cus on procedure approached to structural design in the business. In this scenario, architecture can be considered as a business wide procedure that will be controlled by the business administration, through the support of corporate architect. Thus, the (corporate) planner has consequently become a very important person having organizational sensitivity (Sante & Ermers, 2009) and (The Open Group, 2011). 5 Furthermore, the latest versions of TOGAF involve superior features, which focus on the use of architecture as well as its power. However, it came into view when TOGAF started tackling with